Chao An

HQ-12. TER: 1 x H-200 Launcher: 6 x TELs HongQi 12 a.k.a.KaiShan 1 (KS-1) in its export name, is a medium- to long-range, all-altitude surface-to-air missile system developed by China Jiangnan Space Industry Co. The KS-1 development programme began in the early 1980s to replace the ageing HongQi 2 (Chinese copy of the Russian SA-2 Guideline). The first test firing of the KS-1 reportedly took place in 1989 and the missile was revealed to public at the 1991 Paris Air Show. The development of the KS-1 was completed in 1994, but the missile failed to attract any customer from either domestic or international market.

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